Life insurance is a contract between an individual (the policyholder) and an insurance company. The purpose of life insurance is to provide financial protection to the policyholder's beneficiaries in the event of the policyholder's death. Here's how it works:

1. Choosing a Policy: The policyholder selects a life insurance policy based on their needs, budget, and desired coverage amount. There are different types of life insurance policies, such as term life insurance and whole life insurance, each with its own features and benefits.
2. Paying Premiums: The policyholder pays regular premiums to the insurance company, typically on a monthly or annual basis. These premiums are determined based on factors such as the policyholder's age, health, and coverage amount.
3. Death Benefit: If the policyholder passes away while the policy is active, the insurance company pays a death benefit to the designated beneficiaries. The death benefit is the amount of money specified in the policy, which is intended to provide financial support to the beneficiaries after the policyholder's death.
4. Beneficiaries: The policyholder designates one or more beneficiaries who will receive the death benefit upon the policyholder's death. Beneficiaries can be family members, dependents, or any person or organization chosen by the policyholder.
5. Policy Terms: Life insurance policies have specific terms and conditions that outline the coverage period, premium payment schedule, and any exclusions or limitations. It's important for the policyholder to understand these terms and keep the policy in force by paying premiums regularly.
6. Cash Value (in certain policies): Some types of life insurance, such as whole life insurance, have a cash value component. This means that in addition to the death benefit, the policy accumulates a cash value over time. The policyholder can access this cash value through policy loans or withdrawals, depending on the terms of the policy.

Life insurance provides financial protection to the policyholder's loved ones by ensuring that they receive a payout upon the policyholder's death. It can help cover expenses such as funeral costs, mortgage payments, debts, education expenses, and provide income replacement for the beneficiaries.